ENGLISH

Q1. The narrator followed Anil 'casually'. Why?

[CBSE Question Bank]

Ans: The narrator followed Anil casually to avoid raising any suspicion. He wanted Anil to feel comfortable around him so he could gain his trust easily. By acting as if he had no particular interest, the narrator hoped to blend in naturally. He wanted to make it easier for Anil to eventually accept him as a friend.

Q 2. What was the thought behind using appealing smiles frequently on Anil?

CBSE Question Bank]

Ans: The narrator used appealing smiles to charm Anil and make himself seem trustworthy. By smiling in a friendly and innocent way, he hoped to appear harmless and likable. This tactic helped him establish a connection with Anil. It made it easier for him to gain access to Anil's life and earn his trust.

Q3. Why do you think the young thief had quite a few scars on his face?

[CBSE Question Bank]

Ans: The young thief probably had scars due to his rough lifestyle as a thief. Engaging in dangerous activities or getting into fights might have left these marks. The scars on his face reflect the challenges he had faced in his life, which was likely full of hardships and risky encounters.

Q4. How do you think the narrator made a profit of about a rupee a day?

[CBSE Question Bank]

Ans: The narrator made a profit of about a rupee a day by being dishonest with Anil. When he went to buy groceries, he would keep a little money for himself by overcharging or taking advantage of Anil's trust. Anil likely knew about this small deception but did not confront him.

Q5. How did Hari Singh justify to himself his stealing Anil's money?

CBSE 2023)

Ans: Hari Singh justified stealing Anil's money by telling himself that Anil would waste it on others anyway. He believed he was just taking advantage of an opportunity. He even felt that he deserved it because he wasn't paid for his work. This reasoning helped him quiet his conscience.

Q6. Why do you think the narrator used to feel that 'friends were more trouble than help? What could have led him to believe this?

[CBSE Question Bank

Ans: The narrator felt that friends were more trouble than help because of his life as a thief. Trusting others might have brought him problems or made him vulnerable to betrayal. His past experiences and need for self-protection led him to believe that being close to people could create unnecessary risks and complications.

Q7. Why did Hari Singh think that Anil's job was queer?

[SQP 2020, CBSE 2018 (Modified))

Ans: Hari Singh found Anil's job "queer" because Anil earned money irregularly, sometimes borrowing and sometimes lending, without a stable income. Anil was a writer who earned by selling his articles, which Hari found unusual and unreliable. This job seemed odd to Hari, who was used to people earning in straightforward ways.

Q8. What does the thief say about the different reactions of the people when they are robbed?

[CBSE 202]

Ans: The thief notes that people react differently when robbed. Greedy people show fear, rich people get angry, and poor people accept it without resistance. These observations reflect his experience and understanding of people's attachment to their possessions. He understood that people had varying emotional responses based on their wealth and priorities.

Q9. At the end of the story, we realise that Anil knew about the incident of the previous night, yet he chose to overlook such a breach of trust. Explain.

[CBSE Question Bank]

Ans: Anil chose to overlook the theft because he saw potential in Hari to change. By silently forgiving him, Anil gave Hari a chance to rebuild trust and continue learning. This act of understanding encouraged Hari's transformation. It showed Anil's belief that kindness and patience could have a more positive impact than punishment.

Q10. What made Hari Singh come back to Anil?

CBSE 2020

Ans: Hari Singh came back to Anil because he felt guilty after stealing his money. He realised that Anil's kindness and trust meant more to him than the stolen money. Hari also understood that learning from Anil would give him a better future. This made him see the value of honesty and inspired him to return and make a fresh start.

Q11. Why does Anil not hand over Hari Singh to the police?

[CBSE 2023, CBSE 2019

Ans: Anil does not hand Hari over to the police because he sees that Hari regrets his actions. Anil values personal growth and believes that trust can lead to change. By not punishing him, Anil silently encourages Hari to reflect on his choices. He offers Hari a chance to improve without facing harsh consequences.

Q12. Why did Hari Singh smile in his most appealing way towards the end of the story?

[CBSE 2023

Ans: Hari Singh smiles in his most appealing way at the end as a genuine response to Anil's silent forgiveness. It is a smile of relief and gratitude, reflecting his happiness and a sense of belonging. Unlike before, his smile comes naturally. It shows his appreciation for Anil's trust and the fresh start he is being given.

GLIMPSES OF INDIA – NOTES

Part I – A Baker from Goa

Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

1. What role did the baker play in the village?

The baker was central to Goan village life. He supplied bread for daily meals as well as special occasions like marriages, festivals, and parties. His presence was considered essential in every household.

2. Why were children excited to see the baker?

Children eagerly waited for the baker’s arrival because he brought loaves of bread and special sweet bread-bangles that they loved. His jingling bamboo staff was a signal of his coming.

3. What does the story tell us about the Portuguese influence in Goa?

The story highlights that bread-making was introduced by the Portuguese. Though they left, the tradition of baking bread and the importance of bakers continued in Goan culture.

Long Answer Questions (80–100 words)

1. Discuss the significance of the baker in Goan culture.

The baker was more than just a tradesman; he was a vital part of Goan life. No marriage, festival, or feast was complete without bread. Children adored him, while elders respected him. The baker symbolised Portuguese influence and the blending of cultures. Even after the Portuguese left, bread-making remained an inseparable tradition, showing how deeply rooted the practice became in Goan society.

Part II – Coorg

Short Answer Questions

1. Where is Coorg located and what is it famous for?

Coorg (Kodagu) is a small district in Karnataka, situated between Mysore and Mangalore. It is famous for its coffee plantations, evergreen forests, spices, and its hospitable people.

2. What is special about the people of Coorg?

The people are known for their bravery and hospitality. They are believed to be of Greek or Arab descent and are permitted to carry firearms without a licence. Many serve with pride in the Indian Army, especially in the Coorg Regiment.

3. What adventurous activities can tourists enjoy in Coorg?

Tourists can enjoy river rafting, canoeing, rock climbing, trekking, mountain biking, and even angling. Coorg is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the natural beauty and charm of Coorg.

Coorg is often called the “Scotland of India” because of its lush green hills, coffee plantations, and misty landscapes. The forests are rich in flora and fauna, home to elephants, birds, and wild animals. Tourists are mesmerized by its calm rivers, waterfalls, and adventurous activities. The blend of breathtaking natural beauty, cultural heritage, and warm hospitality makes Coorg one of India’s most enchanting tourist spots.

Part III – Tea from Assam

Short Answer Questions

1. What information did Rajvir share about tea?

Rajvir explained that tea is the most popular beverage in the world. It was discovered in China about 5,000 years ago. He also mentioned legends about tea, including one from China and another from India (Bodhidharma).

2. How did Assam’s landscape impress Rajvir?

Rajvir was amazed by the vast tea gardens of Assam. The neatly cut rows of tea bushes on both sides of the road, with tall trees and tea pickers at work, created a breathtaking scene that seemed endless.

3. Why is Assam famous?

Assam is world-famous for its tea plantations, which produce some of the finest and largest quantities of tea. Its fertile soil and humid climate make it an ideal place for tea cultivation.

Long Answer Questions

1. Summarise the lesson Tea from Assam.

The lesson describes Rajvir’s visit to Assam with his friend Pranjol. Rajvir shares his knowledge about tea—its origin, legends, and global popularity. As they travel through Assam, they witness vast tea plantations and workers plucking tea leaves. The chapter blends historical facts with the scenic beauty of Assam, highlighting its contribution to India’s economy.

Very Important Questions (Mixed – All Three Parts)

1. Bread is an important part of Goan culture. Discuss with reference to A Baker from Goa.

2. How does Coorg reflect both natural beauty and cultural richness?

3. Describe the legends of the discovery of tea in Tea from Assam.

4. Write a short character sketch of the baker in Goan society.

5. Why is Coorg known as the “Scotland of India”?

6. How do the three stories in Glimpses of India reflect India’s diversity?

SUPPLEMENTARY READER (NOTES)

3. THE MIDNIGHT VISITOR

Q1. Who was Ausable?

Ausable was a secret agent who dealt with espionage and intelligence work. He was fat, sloppy, spoke French and German, and lived in a French hotel room.

Q2. How was Ausable different from other secret agents?

Unlike the stereotypical agents shown in films, Ausable was fat, inactive, and seemed very ordinary. But he was highly intelligent and witty, which helped him outsmart his enemies.

Q3. Why did Max enter Ausable’s room?

Max was a rival spy who wanted the secret report about new missiles that Ausable was supposed to receive.

Q4. How did Ausable get rid of Max?

Ausable cleverly made up a story about a balcony outside the window. Max believed it and tried to escape through it, but there was no balcony. He fell to his death.

Q5. What lesson does the story teach us?

Intelligence, presence of mind, and quick thinking are more powerful than physical strength or appearance.

4. A QUESTION OF TRUST

Q1. Who was Horace Danby?

Horace was a 50-year-old man, a locksmith by profession. He was considered honest but had a weakness—he loved rare and expensive books. To buy them, he robbed a safe once a year.

Q2. Why was he considered ‘good and respectable’?

Because he was well-behaved, ran a business, and never harmed anyone. Except for his one crime of burglary for books, he lived a normal life.

Q3. What was Horace’s plan to rob the house at Shotover Grange?

He planned to break into the house when the servants were away. He would open the safe using his skills and steal jewels worth ₹15,000.

Q4. Who tricked Horace Danby and how?

A young woman, pretending to be the owner’s wife, caught him inside the house. She cleverly convinced him to open the safe for her. Later, Horace was arrested because his fingerprints were found on the safe.

Q5. What is the irony in the story?

Horace considered himself honest except for stealing occasionally, but he was fooled by another thief who was cleverer than him

5. FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET

Q1. Who was Griffin?

Griffin was a brilliant scientist who discovered how to make his body invisible. But he was also lawless, selfish, and misused his invention.

Q2. How did Griffin first prove his invisibility?

He removed his clothes and became invisible, leaving only footprints in the snow, which astonished people.

Q3. Why was Griffin a lawless person?

He set fire to the landlord’s house, robbed people, stole clothes, and attacked anyone who opposed him. He used invisibility for crime instead of good.

Q4. What difficulties did Griffin face after becoming invisible?

He could not wear clothes (as they made him visible), suffered from cold and hunger, and had to constantly steal to survive. People were also frightened of him.

Q5. What is the central idea of the story?

The story highlights the misuse of science and knowledge through the character of Griffin, a brilliant but selfish scientist who discovers how to make himself invisible. Instead of using his invention for the welfare of humanity, he misuses it for personal gain, revenge, and crime.

The narrative shows that uncontrolled ambition, arrogance, and lack of morality can destroy even the greatest achievements. Griffin’s invisibility, which could have been a boon, turns into a curse because of his greed and unethical behavior.

Thus, the theme emphasizes that science without ethics is dangerous, and knowledge must always be guided by values and responsibility.

Unit IV

FROM THE DIARY OF ANN FRANK

Summary of the lesson 'From the Diary of Anne Frank'

Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl, wrote her diary while hiding from the Nazis during World War II. In this extract, she describes her feelings about writing a diary, her loneliness, and her relationship with others. She explains that although she had many people around her, she lacked a true friend with whom she could share her innermost thoughts. She begins to use her diary, whom she names “Kitty,” as her closest companion. Anne also writes about her school life, her mischievous behavior, her talkative nature, and her classmates. She expresses her fear of being considered silly for writing a diary, but at the same time, she feels strongly that paper has more patience than people. The extract reveals Anne’s intelligence, honesty, and sensitivity, making her diary one of the most moving personal accounts of the war years.

Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

Q1. Why did Anne decide to write a diary?

Anne felt lonely and did not have a real friend to confide in. She decided to write a diary to express her innermost feelings and named it “Kitty,” treating it as her friend.

Q2. What makes writing in a diary unusual for Anne?

Anne thought that nobody would be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl. Still, she wanted to write because she felt that paper has more patience than people.

Q3. Why did Anne feel the need for a real friend?

Though she had many acquaintances and family members, she could not share her intimate feelings with them. She longed for someone who would truly listen and understand her.

Q4. What was Anne’s opinion about teachers?

Anne believed that teachers often get irritated with students for being talkative. She felt that it was impossible for students to change habits overnight and that teachers should understand this better.

Q5. What does Anne write about her father, the most adorable father?

Anne described her father as the most adorable person. He married her mother at the age of thirty-six. Anne shared a close and affectionate bond with him.

Long Answer Questions (100–120 words)

Q1. Describe Anne Frank’s feelings about having a diary. Why did she name it “Kitty”?

Anne Frank felt lonely and misunderstood, even though she was surrounded by people. She longed for a true friend with whom she could share her secrets and emotions. Since she did not find such a friend, she decided to confide in her diary. She believed that “paper has more patience than people” because it would listen silently without judging. She named her diary “Kitty,” treating it as a real friend. This shows her imaginative and sensitive nature. Her diary later became a valuable historical document that revealed the life of Jews during Nazi rule.

Q2. What does Anne Frank’s writing tell you about her personality?

Anne Frank’s diary reflects that she was intelligent, observant, and sensitive. She had a sense of humor, as seen in the way she wrote about her teachers and classmates. At the same time, she was thoughtful and mature, realizing the importance of expressing feelings. Her longing for a true friend shows her emotional depth. She could look at herself critically and was honest in her self-reflection. Anne’s diary makes it clear that she was not an ordinary teenager but a courageous girl who believed in the power of writing. Her personality continues to inspire millions of readers.

Q3. “Paper has more patience than people.” Explain this statement with reference to Anne Frank’s diary.

By saying “paper has more patience than people,” Anne Frank meant that human beings often do not have time or interest to listen to others’ problems. When we confide in people, they may interrupt, judge, or ignore us. On the other hand, paper silently accepts whatever is written on it and keeps secrets safe. Anne felt that even though no one might read her diary, it would still patiently hold her deepest thoughts. This line highlights Anne’s sense of loneliness and her reliance on writing as a way to cope with her feelings. It also shows the power of expression through words.

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THE TREES ( poem )

Summary

The poem shows how trees, symbols of nature, are trying to break free from human control. They want to go back to the forest where they belong. It also shows humans’ separation from nature.

Textual Questions & Answers

Q1. Where are the trees described in the poem?

Ans: The trees are inside the house, kept in pots. They try to move out to the forest again.

Q2. What happens to the roots and leaves of the trees?

Ans: The roots try to free themselves from the cracks, and the leaves move towards the glass in an effort to escape.

Q3. Why does the poet keep the doors open at night?

Ans: The poet keeps the doors open so that the trees can move out freely to the forest.

Q4. What is the central idea of the poem?

Ans: The poem highlights the conflict between nature and humans. Nature wants freedom and balance.

Q5. What does the poet mean by “trees are going out”?

Ans: It means nature is reclaiming its freedom from human confinement.

Q6. What is the tone of the poem?

Ans: Reflective and hopeful — about restoring nature’s freedom.

THINKING ABOUT THE POEM

Q1.What are the three things that cannot happen in a treeless forest?

According to the first stanza, three things that cannot happen a treeless forest are: birds cannot sit, insects cannot hide, and the sun cannot bury its feet in shadow,

Q 2. What picture do these words create in your mind: "... sun bury its feet in shadow..."? What could the poet mean by the sun's 'feet'?

The phrase "sun bury its feet in shadow" creates an image of sunlight being partly blocked by shadows of a tree cover before reaching the ground. The poet uses the word "feet" to refer to the sun's rays as if the sunlight were walking on the forest floor. Without trees, there would be no shadows for the sun's "feet" to get covered by.

02. (1) Where are the trees in the poem? What do their roots, their leaves, and their twigs do?

Ans: In the poem, the trees are inside a house, confined to the veranda. Their roots are working to free themselves from the cracks in the veranda floor, the leaves are straining toward the glass as if trying to escape, and the twigs are stiff with effort, showing the struggle to break free.

(Q 3.What does the poet compare their branches to?

The poet compares the branches to newly discharged patients who are half-dazed and moving toward the clinic doors. This comparison suggests that the branches are weak and unsteady like the patients, but determined to find their way out.

Q4. (i) How does the poet describe the moon: (a) at the beginning of the third stanza, and (b) at its end? What causes this change?

: (a) At the beginning of the third stanza, the poet describes the moon as whole, shining brightly in an open sky.

(b) At the end of the stanza, the moon is described as "broken like a mirror", with its pieces flashing in the branches of the tallest oak.

The change occurs because the trees are breaking out of the house, shattering the glass as they move. This causes the moon's reflection to appear fragmented, like pieces of a broken mirror.

(ii) What happens to the house when the trees move out of it?

When the trees move out of the house, it becomes empty and lifeless. The house loses its connection to nature, which once filled it with life. The departure of the trees leaves the house barren and silent.

Q1. The poem 'Trees' appears to be about trees, environment, deforestation and afforestation. On a deeper level we discover that Adrienne Rich is expressing her concerned about women and their emancipation. Elaborate with reference to the poem.

(CBSE Question Bank)

In "The Trees", Adrienne Rich describes the movement of trees from a house to the forest, which on the surface may seem like a commentary on nature, deforestation, or environmental concern. However, a deeper analysis reveals that the poem is a powerful metaphor for women's emancipation. The trees symbolise individuals, particularly women, who are confined by societal norms and restrictions, much like the trees are confined indoors. Their struggle to break free from the house represents the effort of women to overcome patriarchal barriers. The journey toward the forest symbolises the quest for liberation, self-discovery, and reclaiming one's rightful space. The breaking of the glass symbolises the shattering of these limitations and the pursuit of freedom. The forest, which awaits the trees, represents the vast, open space of freedom, growth, and independence where women can thrive.

Thus, the poem transcends its literal focus on trees and the environment to deliver a deep message about women's fight for autonomy and the reclaiming of their identity in a world that has long confined them.

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MIJBIL THE OTTER

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK-1

01. What 'experiment did Maxwell think Camusfearna would be suitable for?

CBSE 2023

Ans: Maxwell thought Camusfearna would be suitable for the experiment of keeping an otter as a pet. Otters enjoy water and Camusfearna was surrounded by water.

Q2. Why does he go to Basra? How long does he wait there, and why?

Ans: Maxwell goes to Basra to collect his mail from the Consulate-General. He waits for five days because his mail doesn't arrive on time due to delays in communication.

Q3. How does he get the otter? Does he like it? Pick out the words that tell you this.

How did Maxwell get the otter?

Ans: Maxwell gets the otter as a gift from his friend, delivered by two Arabs in a sack. Yes, he likes it. The words "a phase of my life that has not yet ended" and "an otter fixation" show that he became very fond of the otter.

Q4. Why was the otter named 'Maxwell's otter'?

Ans: The otter was named 'Maxwell's otter' because it belonged to a previously unknown species. It was later identified and named after Maxwell by zoologists as Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli.

Q5. Tick the right answer. In the beginning, the otter was

(f) aloof and indifferent

(ii) friendly

(iii) hostile

Ans: (1) aloof and indifferent

Q6. What happened when Maxwell took Mijbil to the bathroom? What did it do two days after that?

CBSE 2019, CBSE 2023 (Modified)

Ans: When Maxwell took Mijbil to the bathroom, Mijbil was overjoyed and played wildly in the water. Two days later. Mijbil escaped and turned on the water tap by himself to fill the bathtub with water. This tells us that Mij was intelligent and loved water.

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK-2

Q1. How was Mij to be transported to England?

Ans: Mij was to be transported to England in a small 18 inches square box which would be placed on the floor at Maxwell's feet during the flight.

02. What did Mij do to the box?

Ans Mij tore the lining of the box to shreds. The cutting edges of the Lining hurt Mij and his blood hadv had trickled from the airholes, making the box unusable for the journey.

03. Why did Maxwell put the otter back in the box? How do you think he felt when he did this?

Ans: Maxwell out the ofter hack in the box because there war very little time left before the flight, and he had no other option for transporting Mijbil. He likely felt anxious and upset knowing Mijbil was hurt and uncomfortable.

04. Why does Maxwell say the airhostess was "the very queen of her kind?

Maxwell calls the air hostess's "the very queen of her kind because she was kind, understanding, and helpful.She allowed him to keep Mijbil on his lap, which made the journey to England much easier for both Maxwell and Mijbil.

Q5. What happened when the box opened?

CBSE 2023

When the box was opened. Mijbil immediately escaped and ran down the aisle of the plane at high speed. It caused chaos among the scared passengers.

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK-3

Q1. What game had Mij invented?

Ans: Mij invented a game where he would place a ping-pong ball on the sloping lid of a damaged suitcase. He would then run to the other end to catch it as it rolled down. repeating the process for fun.

Q2. What are 'compulsive habits? What does Maxwell say are the compulsive habits of

(1) school children

(i) Mij?

Ans: Compulsive habits are actions that people or animals do repeatedly as part of a routine, often without thinking.

(i) Maxwell says that school children have compulsive habits like stepping on the centre of each paving block or touching certain objects on their way to and from school.

(ii) Mij had the habit of running along a low wall near Maxwell's flat every time he came home, but never when he was going out.

Q3. What group of animals do otters belong to?

Ans: Otters belong to a group of animals called Mustellines, which also includes badgers, mongooses, weasels, stoats, and minks.

Q4. What guesses did the Londoners make about what Mij was?

The Londoners made several guesses about what Mij was. Some thought he was a baby seal, a squirrel, a walrus, a hippo, a beaver, a bear cub, a leopard or even a brontosaur.

WRITING

OL. Write a description of a person or an animal (such as a pet) that you know very well and love very much. Questions (4) and (5) in 'Thinking about the Text' will have given you some idea about how to do this. Mention some things the person or animal does, what you think the person or animal feels, etc.

Ans: I would like to describe my dog, Max. He is a small and fluffy golden retriever with bright, friendly eyes. Max has a playful personality and is always excited to see me when I come home. He loves playing fetch in the yard and often brings me his favourite toy when he wants to play. Max enjoys being around people and follows me around the house, always staying close by.

I think Max feels happy and safe when he is with me. When he curls up next to me on the couch or rests his head on my lap, I can tell he feels content and loved. Max is also very curious and loves exploring new places during our walks. His wagging tail and joyful barks tell me he's always in a good mood. I love Max very much and his companionship brings me comfort and happines every day.

---------------------------------

Short Answer Questions

(to be answered in 40-50 words each)

01. Maxwell decides to keep an otter as a pet. Elucidate with reference to the fact that owning a pet is a life of commitment.

Ans: Maxwell's decision to keep an otter reflects the commitment required when owning a pet. He shows patience and understanding as he adjusts to Mijbil's playful and wild behaviour. His willingness to travel with Mijbil and handle challenges highlights the responsibility and lifelong bond that come with owning a pet.

02. What does the writer say is the effect of otters on their owners?

Ans: The writer says that otters have a strong and lasting effect on their owners. They became an obsession due to their playful, intelligent and affectionate nature. People who own otters often develop a deep emotional connection which makes the bond with them unforgettable and special.

03. Why does the writer admire the air hostess?

Maxwell was justified in thinking very highly of the airhostess. Justify.

Ans: Maxwell admired the air hostess's because the we understanding, and helpful She allowed Man keep Mijbil on his lap instead of the box making journey much easier. Despite the chaotic situation in the aircraft when Mijbil escaped, she remained calm and helped find Mijbil. Her compassion and professionalism earned Maxwell's deep respect.

04. Without the assistance of the airhostess, the narrate could not have transported Mijbil from Rasta to London safely. Comment.

Ans: Maxwell would have struggled to transport Mijbil safely from Basra to London without the air hostess's assistance. Mijbil had hurt himself trying to escape the travel box, and keeping him inside would have caused more harm.

Long answer

What does the story suggest about the bond between humans and animals?

Ans: The story beautifully portrays the special bond that can exist between humans and animals. Gavin Maxwell's relationship with Mijbil is a testament to how trust and understanding can create deep connections. Initially aloof, Mijbil gradually warms up to Maxwell, becoming a playful and affectionate companion. Their bond grows stronger through patience, care and shared experiences. The story highlights how animals can bring joy, comfort and a sense of companionship to human lives. Maxwell finds happiness in Mijbil's playful antics and curious nature, which fill the void left by his dog's death. At the same time, Mijbil benefits from Maxwell's love and care, adapting to a new environment and forming a lasting bond. The narrative emphasises that meaningful relationships with animals require empathy and dedication but are deeply rewarding. It encourages readers to value and respect the companionship provide.

sponta FOG ( poem )

THINKING ABOUT THE POEM

Q1. (7) What does Sandburg think the fog is like?

Ans: Sandburg thinks the fog is like a cat. He compares the fog's quiet and smooth movement to a cat's gentle steps.

(i) How does the fog come?

Ans: The fog comes silently and softly "on little cat feet" This means it arrives quietly without making a sound. like a cat walking on soft paws.

(iii) What does it' in the third line refer to?

Ans: The word "it" in the third line refers to the fog.

(iv) Does the poet actually say that the fog is like a cat? Find three things that tell us that the fog is like a cat.

Ans: The poet does not directly say that the fog is like a cat, but he uses comparisons to show the similarity.

"The fog comes on little cat feet" suggests the fog moves as quietly and lightly as a cat.

"It sits looking" makes the fog seem like a cat that sits and observes its surroundings.

"On silent haunches" refers to a cat sitting on its back legs, quietly and calmly.estions for long answer questions across chapters.

Q9. The poet compares the fog to a cat in the poem. What does this comparison tell us about the poet's attitude toward nature, and how does it shape the overall message of the poem?

The comparison of the fog to a cat shows the poet's appreciation for nature's quiet and graceful qualities. It reflects his view that even ordinary natural events like fog, have a unique beauty and mystery. This comparison shapes the poem's message by encouraging readers to observe and value the subtle, fleeting moments in nature. It highlights how nature's quiet transformations can inspire wonder and reflection.

Long answer question

Do you agree with the poet's comparison of fog to a cat claims with examples. or do you feel some other image would have done justice to the poem? Justify your answer by substantiating your claims with examples

( CBSE Question Bank)

I agree with the poet's comparison of the fog to a cat as it effectively captures the fog's quiet, graceful, and mysterious nature. The way fog moves in silently, almost unnoticed, is similar to a cat's stealthy approach. For instance, the phrase "on little cat feet" perfectly conveys how the fog appears without making any noise, just as a cat walks softly on its paws.

Furthermore, the image of the fog "sitting" and "looking over the harbour and city matches a cat's behaviour when it pauses to observe its surroundings. This adds to the calm and peaceful mood of the poem, while also hinting at the elusive and unpredictable nature of fog. While other comparisons, like a blanket or veil, could describe the fog's ability to cover or conceal, they wouldn't capture the same sense of quiet movement and mystery that a cat conveys.

MADAM RIDES THE BUS

Summary

The story is about an eight-year-old girl named Valli, who is very curious and observant. She loves watching the bus that passes through her street every day. Her greatest wish is to ride that bus once. She secretly saves money and finally fulfills her dream one afternoon while her mother is asleep.

On the trip, she experiences excitement, wonder, and finally sadness when she sees a dead cow on the road — realizing the reality of life and death. The story beautifully captures innocence, curiosity, and the first step toward maturity.

Textual Questions and Answers

Q1. What was Valli’s favorite pastime?

Her favorite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house, watching what happened in the street outside.

Q2. What was the source of unending joy for Valli? What was her strongest desire?

Watching the bus that passed by every hour gave her endless joy. Her strongest desire was to take a ride in that bus.

Q3. What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she find out these details?

She found that the bus trip to the town cost thirty paise one way and took forty-five minutes. She gathered this information by listening carefully to conversations between regular passengers and asking them a few questions.

Q4. What do you think Valli was planning to do?

She was planning to take a bus ride to the town secretly, without telling her mother.

Q5. Why does the conductor call Valli “Madam”?

He calls her “Madam” teasingly because she behaves very maturely and confidently, like an adult woman.

Q6. What did Valli see on her way that made her laugh?

She saw a young cow running in the middle of the road, lifting its tail and jumping in a funny way, which made her laugh.

Q7. Why didn’t Valli get off the bus when it reached the town?

Because she didn’t have enough money to buy something or for another ride. She just wanted to enjoy the ride and return home.

Q8. What did Valli see on her way back that made her sad?

She saw the same cow lying dead by the roadside, which made her very sad.

Q9. How did Valli feel when she reached home?

She felt proud and happy that she had managed the whole trip alone. She kept her adventure a secret from her mother.

Short Answer Type Questions

1️⃣ How did Valli save money for her bus ride?

She saved every coin she got, avoided buying toys, peppermints, or rides on the merry-go-round, and collected thirty paise carefully.

2️⃣ What kind of a person was Valli?

Valli was curious, determined, brave, and independent. She had a strong will and loved to explore new things.

3️⃣ How did Valli react when the conductor offered her a seat?

She refused proudly at first, saying she could manage, showing her independence.

4️⃣ What lesson did Valli learn at the end of the story? She realized that life is not only about fun and adventure but also has sadness and loss.

Long Answer Type Questions

1️⃣ Describe Valli’s character and her journey.

Valli was a smart, curious, and self-respecting girl. Her desire to ride the bus showed her determination and courage. During the trip, she felt excited and thrilled, but seeing the dead cow made her realize the harsh reality of life. The bus ride was not just a trip but a journey from innocence to maturity.

2️⃣ What message does the story convey?

The story teaches us that curiosity and courage are good qualities, but real maturity comes from understanding life’s realities. It also shows that learning often comes from experiences rather than books.

Important Extra Questions

Q1. Why did Valli stand on a stool?

To see the bus and street outside better, as she was too short to see over the window.

Q2. How did the conductor treat Valli?

With kindness and humour — he called her “Madam” and made sure she felt comfortable.

Q3. Why didn’t Valli tell her mother about her plan?

She wanted to experience the adventure all by herself and prove that she could manage alone.

Q4. What is the significance of the dead cow in the story?

It symbolizes the end of innocence and the beginning of maturity for Valli.

Moral / Theme

Curiosity and courage are the first steps to learning.

Experiences teach us more than words.

Life is a mixture of joy and sorrow.

THE SERMON AT BENARAS

Summary

This lesson is based on the life and teachings of Gautama Buddha.

Buddha, born as Siddhartha Gautama, lived a luxurious life as a prince. One day, he saw a sick man, an old man, a funeral, and a monk. These sights changed his life. He left his palace and became a monk to find the truth about suffering.

In his first sermon at Benaras, he taught that death is inevitable, and one must overcome sorrow by accepting the truth of life.

Textual Questions and Answers

Q1. When her son died, Kisa Gotami went from house to house. What did she ask for?

She asked for medicine that could bring her dead child back to life.

Q2. Did anyone give her the medicine she asked for? Why not?

No, because no one can bring a dead person back to life.

Q3. How did Kisa Gotami come to realize the truth?

Buddha told her to bring a handful of mustard seeds from a house where no one had ever died. She couldn’t find such a house and realized that death is common to all.

Q4. What did Buddha teach about death and suffering?

He taught that death is universal, and those who are wise do not grieve because it cannot be avoided.

Short Answer Questions

1️⃣ What were the four sights that changed Prince Siddhartha’s life?

He saw an old man, a sick man, a dead body, and a monk.

2️⃣ Why did Kisa Gotami go to Buddha?

Because she wanted Buddha to bring her dead child back to life.

3️⃣ What lesson did she learn from the mustard seed?

She learned that death is a natural part of life and that sorrow cannot bring back the dead.

Long Answer Questions

1️⃣ What message does “The Sermon at Benaras” convey?

The story teaches us that grief is useless because death is certain. The only way to peace is by understanding this truth and remaining calm in the face of suffering.

2️⃣ How did Buddha’s experience transform him into an enlightened soul?

His exposure to suffering made him realize that material comforts cannot bring happiness. He renounced worldly pleasures and attained enlightenment through meditation, teaching compassion and self-control.

Moral / Theme

Life is temporary; death is natural.

Acceptance of reality brings peace.

True wisdom lies in overcoming sorrow.

Additional question

Character Sketch of Kisa Gotami

Kisa Gotami was a young, ordinary woman who loved her only son deeply. Her character shows several strong qualities:

1. A Loving and Devoted Mother

Kisa Gotami’s life revolved around her only child. When he died, she could not accept the truth. Her deep motherly love made her search everywhere for a medicine that could bring him back to life.

2. Innocent and Hopeful

In her grief, she became confused and innocent like a child. She believed anyone could help her and kept asking people for medicine even when the child was dead. This shows her extreme hope and emotional attachment.

3. Determined and Strong-willed

When the Buddha asked her to bring mustard seeds from a house where no one had died, she did not hesitate. She went from house to house tirelessly. Her determination shows her inner strength.

4. Sensitive and Understanding

While visiting houses, she realized that death is common to all. Every family had lost someone. This made her understand the universal truth of life.

5. Able to Learn and Change

Her greatest quality is her ability to learn from experience. When she saw the city lights flickering and going out, she understood that human life is just as temporary. She accepted reality and gave up her selfish grief.

6. Spiritually Mature

By the end of the story, Kisa Gotami reaches spiritual wisdom. She becomes calm and peaceful, accepting the Buddha’s teaching that death is inevitable and sorrow ends only when one gives up selfish attachment.

THE TALE OF CUSTARD THE DRAGON

Summary

The poem is a humorous ballad about Belinda, who lives with her little pets — a kitten (Ink), a mouse (Blink), a dog (Mustard), and a cowardly dragon (Custard). Everyone boasts of their bravery, while Custard stays humble. When a pirate attacks, all the others hide, but Custard bravely fights and kills the pirate. Ironically, after the danger passes, the others again boast and tease Custard, who remains modest.

Theme:

True bravery is revealed through actions, not by words. Humility is a greater virtue than pride.

Textual Questions and Answers

1. Who are the characters in the poem?

The characters are Belinda, her pets — Ink (the kitten), Blink (the mouse), Mustard (the dog), and Custard (the dragon).

2. Why did everyone call Custard a coward?

Because he always asked for a safe cage and never boasted about bravery like the others.

3. What did the pirate look like?

The pirate had pistols in both hands, a cutlass in his teeth, and a black beard. He looked fierce and frightening.

4. How did Custard prove his bravery?

When the pirate attacked, Custard fearlessly fought him and swallowed him up.

5. How did the other animals react after the fight?

They praised Custard but soon pretended they would have been braver if they had not been surprised.

Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

1. Why is the poem called “The Tale of Custard the Dragon”?

Because it narrates the story of Custard, the dragon, who was thought to be a coward but actually proved to be the real hero in the end.

2. What is the irony in the poem?

The irony is that the dragon, whom everyone mocked for being timid, turned out to be the only one truly brave when danger came.

3. How does the poet make the poem humorous?

Through funny names, rhyming words, exaggeration, and contrast between appearance and reality.

Long Answer Questions (80–100 words)

1. Describe the character of Custard and show how he is different from the others.

Custard, the dragon, was quiet, humble, and often teased for being cowardly. Unlike his companions who boasted about bravery, Custard never pretended. However, when real danger appeared, Custard showed true courage by fighting and killing the pirate. This shows that real bravery lies in facing danger calmly, not in making loud claims. His modesty makes him nobler than the others.

2. What moral does the poem teach us?

The poem teaches that true bravery is shown in action, not words. People who boast are often the first to run away in danger, while the humble ones may surprise everyone by their courage. The poet humorously reminds us not to judge others by appearances or words.

FOR ANNE GREGORY

Summary

The poem discusses how physical beauty is temporary and not the true basis for love. The speaker tells Anne Gregory that men love her for her yellow hair, but such love is shallow. Anne replies that she wishes to be loved for her inner self, not her looks. The poet concludes that only God can love a person for who they truly are, beyond appearances.

Theme:

True love is spiritual and not based on physical beauty.

Textual Questions and Answers

1. What does the speaker say about Anne Gregory’s hair?

He says that men love Anne for her beautiful yellow hair.

2. What does Anne wish for?

She wishes that someone would love her for herself, not for her outward appearance.

3. What does the poet say about true love?

The poet says that only God can love a person for their inner qualities, not for their physical beauty.

Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

1. What does Anne mean by “pluck out these yellow hairs”?

She means she would change her appearance if that would make someone love her for her inner worth rather than her beauty.

2. How does the poem show contrast between physical and spiritual love?

The poem contrasts human love, which depends on outer beauty, with divine love, which values the soul and inner goodness.

Long Answer Questions (80–100 words)

1. Explain the central idea of “For Anne Gregory.”

The poem conveys that human beings often love others based on outward beauty, which is temporary. True love should go beyond physical appearance and focus on inner qualities. The poet concludes that only divine love—God’s love—is pure and unconditional because it sees beyond looks.

2. What lesson does the poem teach about love and appearance?

The poem teaches that outer beauty fades, but inner beauty and goodness remain forever. Real love should be based on character and the soul, not on looks. Yeats highlights the difference between shallow human love and pure divine.

THE PROPOSAL

Summary

A one-act play full of humour.

Lomov, a nervous young man, comes to propose to Natalya, his neighbour. Instead of a peaceful proposal, they end up arguing about land and dogs. Finally, their fathers intervene, and they get engaged while still quarreling — showing human foolishness and pride.

Textual Questions and Answers

Q1. What does Chubukov think when Lomov comes to meet him?

He thinks Lomov has come to borrow money.

Q2. What happens when Lomov says he wants to marry Natalya?

Chubukov becomes very happy and affectionate toward him.

Q3. Why do Lomov and Natalya argue?

First, about the ownership of Oxen Meadows, then about whose dog is better — Guess or Squeezer.

Q4. What happens at the end of the play?

Lomov and Natalya get engaged, but they keep fighting even after the proposal.

Short Answer Questions

1️⃣ How does the play show human weakness?

It shows how people argue over petty things like land and dogs instead of valuing relationships.

2️⃣ Describe Lomov’s personality.

He is nervous, excitable, and proud but also sincere in his wish to marry Natalya.

3️⃣ How does Chubukov behave with Lomov?

At first friendly, then angry, and finally supportive when Lomov faints.

Long Answer Questions

1️⃣ What is the main theme of the play?

The play highlights the foolishness of human quarrels, pride, and materialism. Chekhov uses humour to show how meaningless arguments can ruin relationships.

2️⃣ How is the title “The Proposal” appropriate?

The entire play revolves around Lomov’s marriage proposal. But instead of romance, it turns into a comic battle — making the title both literal and ironic.

Moral / Theme

Pride and greed destroy peace.

Relationships are more valuable than property.

Humour can reveal human folly.

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SUPPLEMENTARY READER

Lesson 6

The Making of a Scientist (by Robert W. Peterson)

Short Summary

It’s the story of Richard Ebright, a brilliant scientist who started collecting butterflies as a child and later became a leading biologist. His curiosity, hard work, and scientific mind led him to make important discoveries about how cells work.

Main Characters

Richard Ebright – Curious and hardworking student.

Ebright’s Mother – Encouraging and supportive.

Richard H. Daly – His friend and science mentor.

Theme

Curiosity, determination, scientific spirit, and the importance of motivation.

Textual Questions

1. How did Ebright’s mother help him?

She encouraged him to learn, gave him books, took him to places, and supported his projects.

2. What opened the world of science to Ebright?

The book The Travels of Monarch X.

3. Why did Ebright lose interest in collecting butterflies?

Because he realized there was nothing new to discover by just collecting them.

4. What was Ebright’s first scientific achievement?

Discovering a new hormone in monarch butterflies.

Long Answer

Discuss how curiosity and hard work lead to success, referring to Ebright’s life.

Ebright’s curiosity started with collecting butterflies and grew with his scientific experiments. He kept learning from failures and never gave up. His dedication to research made him a successful scientist. His story shows that curiosity, perseverance, and support can lead to great achievements.

Lesson 7 – The Necklace (by Guy de Maupassant)

Short Summary

Matilda, a woman dissatisfied with her life, borrows a diamond necklace to appear rich at a party. She loses it and spends years repaying debts, only to learn that the necklace was fake.

Characters

Matilda Loisel – Proud and materialistic woman.

Monsieur Loisel – Her simple, loving husband.

Madame Forestier – Her rich friend.

Theme

Pride, vanity, irony, honesty, and the value of contentment.

Textual Questions:

1. Why was Matilda unhappy with her life?

Because she was born into a poor family and married a clerk.

2. What did she borrow from her friend?

A diamond necklace.

3. How did the Loisels repay the debt?

By working hard for ten years and living in poverty.

4. What was the shocking truth at the end?

The necklace was made of imitation stones.

Long Answer

How does Maupassant use irony to highlight Matilda’s character?

Matilda’s desire for luxury leads to her downfall. The irony is that she loses her beauty and youth for a fake necklace, teaching the lesson that vanity and pride can destroy happiness.

Lesson 8 – The Hack Driver (by Sinclair Lewis)

Short Summary

A young lawyer goes to a village to find a man named Lutkins. He meets a friendly hack driver who helps him search everywhere — only to learn later that the driver himself was Lutkins!

Characters:

The narrator – A naïve young lawyer.

Oliver Lutkins – A clever villager who tricks the narrator.

Theme

Deception, innocence, humor, rural life.

Textual Questions

1. Who was Lutkins?

The very man the lawyer was searching for; he pretended to be someone else.

2. How did Lutkins trick the lawyer?

He acted as a friendly driver and took the lawyer around town pretending to search for himself.

3. What is the irony of the story?

The narrator trusts Lutkins, who deceives him completely.

Long Answer

Discuss the lawyer’s transformation after meeting Lutkins.

The lawyer realizes that appearances can be deceptive. His innocence is replaced by experience. The story humorously shows how over trusting nature can lead to embarrassment.

Lesson 9 – Bholi (by K.A. Abbas)

Short Summary:

Bholi, a shy and stammering girl, grows confident through education. She refuses to marry a greedy man, proving her self-respect and courage.

Characters

Bholi (Sulekha) – Timid girl who later becomes brave and educated.

Ramlal – Her father.

Bishamber – Greedy groom.

Themes

Education, women empowerment, self-respect, transformation.

Textual Questions:

1. Why was Bholi called simpleton? Because she was slow, stammered, and had pock-marks.

2. How did education change Bholi?

It gave her confidence, dignity, and courage to stand up for herself.

3. Why did Bholi refuse to marry Bishamber?

Because he demanded dowry after seeing her scars.

Long Answer:

How does Bholi’s character reflect the importance of education for girls?

→ Education transforms Bholi from a timid, neglected child into a confident woman. It gives her voice, courage, and independence. The story promotes education as a tool for empowerment.

Lesson 10

The Book That Saved the Earth (by Claire Boiko)

Short Summary

The story is set in the 25th century, where Martians plan to invade Earth. They misunderstand a children’s book “Mother Goose” as a dangerous weapon and cancel their attack.

🔹 Characters:

Think-Tank – The pompous Martian leader.

Noodle – His sensible assistant.

Other Martians – Crew members.

GRAMMAR

Direct to indirect speech

1. Direct: "I am going to the market," said Rohan.